Methods: We systematically searched the electronic databases, including Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed in March 2021. Two authors evaluated the included articles separately, and the case management models mentioned in the studies were identified and categorized.

Results: A total of 2003 articles were collected from the databases. After removing 1063 duplicates, 940 papers were evaluated using the title, abstract, and full text. After reviewing the articles, the case management models were divided into three categories, including clinical cases, traditional case management models, and social case management models.

Conclusion: A case manager keeps track of resource consumption and manages post-acute services for patients with high-risk illnesses such as asthma, diabetes, heart failure, and renal failure. The variety of categories and subtypes reflects the multiplicity of case management approaches in practice. The classification serves as a visual and organizational framework for illustrating the complexity and diversity of case management approaches.

Trial Tegistration: PROSPERO (CRD42020176561).