Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 185 women of reproductive age with confirmed endometriosis were compared with 370 women of reproductive age who referred to the same center for other problems in terms of reproductive and menstruation risk factors for endometriosis. The two groups were matched for age. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on previous studies. Finally, bivariate analysis was done by the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was performed by the conditional logistic regression for controlling confounder variables.

Results: Based on multivariate logistic regression, early menarche age (P = 0.004), no history of pregnancy (P < 0.001), no child (P = 0.002), no lactation history (P < 0.001), high age of the first lactation (P = 0.029), short duration of breastfeeding (P = 0.015), no regular menstruation (P < 0.001), short intervals between menstrual bleedings (P = 0.016), prolonged menstruation (P < 0.001), dysmenorrhea (P < 0.001), dyspareunia (P < 0.001), and recurrent vaginitis (P < 0.001) had a significant relationship with endometriosis.

Conclusions: In general, there was a relationship between some reproductive and menstrual characteristics and endometriosis. Therefore, it seems that these characteristics can predict the occurrence of endometriosis disease.